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Dzhokhar Musayevich Dudayev ((チェチェン語:Dudin Musa-khant Dƶoxar, Дудин Муса-кӀант Джохар);〔The name's spelling in modern Chechen ranges between Джохар (), ДжовхӀар (), Джовхар () and Жовхар ().〕 (ロシア語:Джоха́р Муса́евич Дуда́ев); 15 February 1944 – 21 April 1996) was a Soviet Air Force general and Chechen leader, the first President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, a breakaway state in the North Caucasus. ==Early life and military career== Dudayev was born in Yalkhoroy in the abolished Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR), just days before the forced deportation of his family together with the entire Chechen and Ingush population on the orders of Joseph Stalin. His family was of the Yalhoroy Teip. He was the thirteenth youngest child of veterinarian Musa and Rabiat Dudayev. He spent the first 13 years of his life in internal exile in the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. His family was only able to return to Chechnya in 1957.〔(Biography of Dzokhar Dudaev, Kavkazy Uzel, 25 June 2007 )〕 Following the 1957 repatriation of the Chechens and Ingush, he studied at evening school in Checheno-Ingushetia and qualified as an electrician. In 1962, after two years studying electronics in Vladikavkaz, he entered the Tambov Higher Military Aviation School for Pilots from which he graduated in 1966. Dudayev joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1968 and in 1971-1974 studied at the prestigious Gagarin Air Force Academy. He married Alla, a Russian poet and the daughter of a Soviet officer with whom he had three children (a daughter and two sons).〔 In 1962, Dudayev began serving in the Soviet Air Force where he rose to the rank of Major-General, becoming their first Chechen general. Dudayev served in a strategic bombing unit of the Soviet Air Force in Siberia and Ukraine. He participated in the Soviet war in Afghanistan against the Mujahideen for which he was awarded the Order of the Red Star and the Order of the Red Banner.〔James Hughes, Chechnya: from nationalism to jihad p. 22〕 Reportedly from 1986-87 Dudayev had participated in bombing raids in western Afghanistan. Many of his military and political opponents who questioned his Muslim faith often made reference to his actions against the Mujahideen forces.〔Christopher Marsh, Nikolas K. Gvosdev, Civil society and the search for justice in Russia, p 148〕〔John B. Dunlop, Russia confronts Chechnya: roots of a separatist conflict, p. 110〕 For example Sergei Stepashin asserted Dudayev participated in carpet bombing (a statement probably motivated by spite).〔John B. Dunlop, Russia confronts Chechnya: roots of a separatist conflict, p 111〕 These allegations were denied by Dudayev himself.〔(Interview with Alla Dudaeva, Sobesednik.ru 2006 )〕 Dudayev rose steadily in the Air Force, assuming command of the 326th Heavy Bomber Aviation Division of the Soviet Long Range Aviation at Tartu, Estonia, in 1987 gaining the rank of Major-General. From 1987 through March 1990 commanded nuclear-armed long-range strategic bombers during his post there.〔 Dudayev learned Estonian and showed great tolerance for Estonian nationalism when he ignored the orders to shut down the Estonian television and parliament.〔〔 In 1990, his air division was withdrawn from Estonia and Dudayev resigned from the Soviet military. There is a memorial plaque made of granite attached to the house on 8 Ülikooli street, Tartu, Estonia in which Dudaev used to work.〔(Džohhar Dudajevi mälestustahvel )〕 The house now hosts Hotel Barclay, and the former cabinet of Dudayev has been converted into Dudaev's Room.〔Postimees, 8 May 1996: ("Nimeline tänav ja orden Dzhohhar Dudajevile" )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dzhokhar Dudayev」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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